The long-simmering tensions between Israel and Iran have erupted into open conflict, with both countries launching direct attacks over the weekend in a dramatic escalation that has drawn global concern and halted nuclear negotiations.

It began early Friday, June 13, when Israel carried out surprise airstrikes targeting Iran’s nuclear infrastructure, including key facilities in Natanz and Isfahan. The strikes, which Israeli officials described as the start of a campaign to dismantle Iran’s nuclear programme, reportedly killed top Iranian military leaders and scientists. Among the dead were Gen. Hossein Salami, head of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, and Gen. Mohammad Bagheri, Iran’s chief of staff.

In response, Iran launched a barrage of missiles at Israel late Saturday, June 14, striking the Galilee region and killing four civilians in an apartment building. Explosions echoed across Israeli cities as air raid sirens blared. Israel’s Defence Minister declared, “Tehran is burning,” as Israel hit back with further strikes — this time targeting Iran’s Defence Ministry headquarters and facilities allegedly linked to its ballistic missile and energy programmes.

The Israeli military claims its campaign has eliminated high-value targets, including nine senior scientists, and severely damaged Iran’s nuclear infrastructure. Iranian authorities confirmed damage to four critical buildings at the Isfahan uranium conversion facility, though they denied any off-site radiation leaks.

International leaders are calling for restraint, warning that the region teeters on the brink of a broader war. France blamed Iran for escalating tensions, while Pakistan condemned the Israeli attacks. The UN nuclear watchdog said it’s assessing the full extent of damage to Iran’s nuclear facilities.